Peasants+Revolt+of+1381

= ** The Peasants' Revolt of 1381 ** = I argue that English government was unfair to the peasant class. King Richard II and his barons made terrible decisions regarding the peasant class. I believe these bad decisions caused the peasant class to erupt in anger. Had the King treated his subjects more fairly, many lives would have been spared. =**Background**= The summer of 1381 held one of England’s most dramatic events. What started as a small town revolt became a crucial event in the development of English society. There are many theories as to why the revolt happened: the Black Death, war with France, numerous poll taxes, overzealous barons as well as a very young King Richard, etc. The combination of these instances caused the  peasants to rebel and fight for change. Although the revolt ended tragically, it gave way to a period of change which ultimately created more freedom for the future people of England. The peasants in the small town of Essex were virtually slaves. They were forced to tend to the landowners properties and were treated as servants rather than workers. The Black Death resulted in a shortage of peasant workers (Jerrold). There was a lot of land for the peasants to take control of. They gained power because they were able to force the lords to pay them higher wages for their services, work fewer hours, and some were even able to gain freedom (Dobson). The peasants started to feel important as they gained power and freedom. However, just one year later, in 1351, the king passed the Statute of Labourers (Jones) which forced the peasants to work under the terms prior to the Black Death. =**Reasoning**= ==== During this period, England was at war with France. To help fund the failing war, King Richard II instituted another poll tax. This was the third poll tax since 1377. The new poll tax was three times the amount as the first poll tax set only four years earlier (Oman, 23). The new tax was viewed as unjust because some people were able t o pay a reduced rate while others had to pay the full tax. Many peasants were charged the same amount as the landowners they worked for. Only adult males were charged the new tax, but if one was married, he was forced to pay double (Socyberty). After the Statute of Labourers, this tax was nearly impossible for the peasants to pay. ==== In June 1377, King Edward III passed away, leaving his 10 year old grandson Richard II to be the King of England (Ormond). The powerful barons: John of Gauth, Archbishop Sudbury, and Sir Robert Hales, took advantage of the young King Richard by enacting their own laws. The young, inexperienced king went along with the barons. The barons introduced the poll tax to help fund the war with France. The peasants despised these men because they were in charge of the taxes and were responsible for introducing these poll taxes. Man y people also felt that Richard II was too young to make such life altering decisions (Oman, 23). =**The Revolt Begins**= Since the peasants were already poor, and they were forced to pay increasing taxes, they eventually gave up and quit paying the taxes. On May 30, 1381 in the town of Essex in the village of Fobbing, a tax collector by the name of Bampton came to see why the peasants stopped paying their taxes (Loyola). The peasants met Bampton and told him they were not paying him anything. Bampton was forced to leave and report the incident to Robert Belknap, the chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas (Loyola). On June 2nd, Belknap traveled to the city of Essex to punish the offenders. While in the city of Brentwood, on his way to Essex, he was attacked by the peasants and forced out of the city (Oman, 34). News of the revolt quickly spread to Kent and the rest of Fobbing. Soon, forces combined and a plan was made to march to London and demand the King to hear their grievances. The peasants of Kent chose Wat Tyler as their leader. The group marched to Rochester Castle and freed priest John Ball. Ball was imprisoned due to conflicts with the Archbishop of Canterbury. Ball also played a very important role, giving motivational speeches including one of his most notable sermons: === “When Adam delved and Eve span, who was then the gentleman? From the beginning all men by nature wer e created alike, and our bondage or servitude came in by the unjust oppression of naughty men. For if God would have had any bondmen from the beginning, he would have appointed who should be bond and who free. And therefore I exhort you to consider that now the time is come, appointed to us by God, in which ye may (if ye will) cast off the yoke of bondage, and recover liberty.” (Dobson, 374) ===

====Ball is said to be important because he sent letters around the countryside advocating unity and discipline (Oman, 37). The band of peasants marched towards London in a quest to meet the king and force him to revoke his unfair taxes. By June 12th, around 60,000 men of Essex were camped at Mile End, and the next day the men of Kent arrived at Blackheath (Dobson). The peasants were also joined by some of London’s poor. Although aware of the violent acts to the tax collectors, neither the king nor the authorities were prepared. On June 12th, King Richard met the men near Greenwich. The rebels demanded the head of John of Gaunt as well as fifteen others. When Richard refused, the men rushed into London and attacked places of authority (Oman, 63). They burned down the home of John Gaunt, opened prisons, and destroyed many legal records. ==== =**Meeting With The King**= On June 14th, King Richard and a few of his knights met with the peasants of Essex at Mile End. The peasants presented Richard with a petition asking for the “abolition of serfdom, labor services based on free contracts, and the right to rent land at four-pence an acre” (Oman, 68). They also asked again for the lives of those men they previously asked for. This time Richard agreed to their demands and signed charters (Dobson). He asked the peasants to return home without violence. However, many peasants continued violence in London. They attacked the Tower of London, captured Arc <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; line-height: 26px;">hbishop Sudbury, Sir Roger Hales, and John of Gaunt’s physician. They took these men to Tower Hill and executed them. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; line-height: 24px;">It is also stated that the men killed 150-160 foreigners living within the city (Oman, 69). After this, many of the men of Essex returned home.

====<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; line-height: 24px;">The next day Richard met Wat Tyler and the men of Kent at Smithfield. Wat demanded an “end to all lordship except that of the king, that the Church's estates be confiscated and divided among the wider populace and that there be only Bishops throughout the whole kingdom” (Oman, 69). The king agreed to all of these demands. Soon after this, Wat Tyler was killed by the Mayor of London. It is unclear as to whether Wat addressed the king in a negative manner or if the king planned to kill him ahead of time. After Wat was killed, the crowd was ready to rush the king and kill him and his men. ==== =**Results of the Revolt**= ====<span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; line-height: 200%; text-indent: 0.5in;">Eventually the king regained control of the city and issued warrants for anyone involved in the revolt. Overall, 110 rebels were tried. Each one was sentenced to death (Oman, 73). Among the 110 was John Ball. Ball was hung on July 15th (Dreams). On August 30th Richard ordered the hangings to cease. Anyone who had not yet been hung was eventually freed. ==== ====<span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; line-height: 200%;">The king revoked the charters he wrote and declared all demands were made under threat, making them invalid in law (Dobson). Although the revolt came to an end, and the king withdrew all charters he promised, the poll tax was revoked and a poll tax was never again issued. The peasants also found themselves with a little power due to the shortage of workers from the Black Death as well as the many workers who died in the revolt. The peasants failed in their original aim but were able to show their discomfort with the way things were handled and succeeded in showing the king that if pushed far enough, they were capable of causing destruction. ==== ====<span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; line-height: 200%;">Check out a small video on the Peasants' Revolt HERE ==== <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">

=**<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 30px;">Source Cited **=

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<span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; line-height: 24pt; text-indent: -0.5in;">ATLAS, JERROLD. "The Black Death: An Essay on Traumatic Change." Journal of Psychohistory 36.3 (2009): 249-259. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 27 April 2011. ======

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<span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; line-height: 24pt; text-indent: -0.5in;">COHN, SAMUEL. "After the Black Death: labour legislation and attitudes towards labour in late-medieval western Europe." Economic History Review 60.3 (2007): 486-512. Business Source Complete. EBSCO. Web. 27 April 2011. ======

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<span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; line-height: 24pt; text-indent: -0.5in;">Dias, Rosie. "Loyal Subjects? Exhibiting the Hero of James Northcote's “Death of Wat Tyler”." Visual Culture in Britain 8.2 (2007): 21-43. Art Abstracts. Web. 27 April 2011. ======

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<span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; line-height: 24pt; text-indent: -0.5in;">Dobson, R. B. //The Peasants' Revolt of 1381//. London: Macmillan, 1970. Print. ======

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<span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; line-height: 24pt; text-indent: -0.5in;">Dreams of John Ball: Reading the Peasants' Revolt in the Nineteenth Century.' Nineteenth-Century Contexts. 31.1 (March 2009): 47-59. ======

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<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; line-height: 24pt; text-indent: -0.5in;"> Dunn, Alastair. // The Peasants' Revolt: England's Failed Revolution of 1381 //. Stroud: Tempus, 2004. Print. ======

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<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; line-height: 24pt; text-indent: -0.5in;">“John Ball, William Morris - John Ball & William Morris." Great Stories, People, Books & Events in Literary History. Web. 27 Apr. 2011. ======

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<span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; line-height: 24pt; text-indent: -0.5in;">Jones, Dan. "THE PEASANTS' REVOLT." History Today 59.6 (2009): 33-39. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 27 Apr. 2011. ======

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<span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; line-height: 24pt; text-indent: -0.5in;">Mortimer, Ian. "The Summer of Blood: The Peasants' Revolt of 1381." History Today 59.12 (2009): 58.Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 27 Apr. 2011. ======

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<span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; line-height: 24pt; text-indent: -0.5in;">Oman, Charles, and E. B. Fryde. The Great Revolt of 1381,. Oxford: Clarendon P., 1969. Print. ======

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<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; line-height: 24pt; text-indent: -0.5in;">"The Many Roles of Wat Tyler | History Today." History Today | The World's Best History Writing. Web. 27 Apr. 2011. ======

=**<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">PRECIS 1 - The Peasants' Revolt **= <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;"> <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-indent: 48px;">The Peasant’s Revolt of 1381 was one of the most dramatic uprisings in England’s history. An overzealous tax collector and a new poll tax caused the townspeople of Brentwood to revolt and they refused to pay taxes. Neighboring villages joined forces with Brentwood and marched to London to meet with the King and demand change. Although the townspeople started with good intentions, many of them indulged in violent acts including looting, killing, and arson. After meeting with the King, the peasant’s demands were met. However, once the King gained control again, he revoked all rights given to the peasants. . However, the revolt did have positive results as peasants went back to their old way of life and had more privileges than before.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 12.6pt; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Resistance spread to neighboring villages || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 12.6pt; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Resistance to tax collectors spread to neighboring villages <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 12.6pt; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Armed bands of villagers rose and attacked manors and religious houses || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 12.6pt; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Plague
 * || <span style="display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.2in;"><span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Cause || <span style="display: block; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.2in;"><span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Effect  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">In the Beginning || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 12.6pt; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Locals in Brentwood reacted to an overzealous tax collector
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Reasoning || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 12.6pt; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Poll tax of 1380 was 3 times higher than last year, taxed rich and poor same rate, abolition of serfdom

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 12.6pt; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Landowners legislated to keep wages low and restrict free movement of serfs, tightened feudal dues || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 12.6pt; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Caused the peasants to revolt and march to London to demand change

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 12.6pt; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Reduced population by 1/3, labor became scarce, wages rose, economy started to suit peasants <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 12.6pt; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Peasants resented all measures, smaller revolts, rebels attacked symbols of lordship & authority || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Neither government nor the city was prepared <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">London’s poor joined the rebels || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">June 12th Essex men – Mile End, June 13thKent - Blackheath <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Rebels were able to move into the gates <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Attacked political targets in the city, burned down Savoy Palace, set fire to the Treasurer’s manor, opened prisons, destroyed legal records || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Peasants asked for abolition of villeinage, free labor, right to own land a four pence per acre <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Some peasants entered the Tower and invaded Royal bedchambers || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Peasants pledged alliance, gave him petition <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">King granted all demands
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">March to London || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Rebels of Essex and Kent marched to London
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">June 14th || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">King Richard and knights met Essex peasants at Mile End

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Executed Archbishop, Chancellor, and John of Gaunt’s physician ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">June 15th || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Richard met Kentish peasants at Smithfield

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Wat Tyler addressed the king with insolence <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Peasants rushed the king <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">The peasants followed the king

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Richard declared all demands pardoned and everyone go home || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Demanded end of all lordship beyond the King, church estates to be confiscated and divided, only bishops in the village. King agreed <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Mayor of London pulled him from his horse and a squire killed him <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">King confronted them, said follow me <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Mayor snuck away, recruited forces, surrounded the rebels <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">The London revolt was over ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Continuance of Revolting || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Villages around London plundered and burnt. Drained Abbot’s fishpond, killed his game, sacked his official’s houses, and burned all charted that gave him his rights. Damaged parts of Cambridge and gave rights to the university to the city. Took over Norwich castle. || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Showed the pressure they were facing at the time. Proved the taxes were too high and that taxing rich and poor at the same rate was unfair. ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">After the Revolt || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Eventually authorities gained control in all regions, Richard denied the approval of peasants demands, Rebels were dealt with in Essex and Kent, all survivors of the revolt were executed || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">London was made safe. However, no late medieval Parliament ever tried to impose a poll tax upon the Nation again. ||

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: 0.5in;">The Peasant’s Revolt of 1381 is a very inspiring event in English history. The peasants did what many people of today would have done. Although their methods in revolting became violent and ended tragically, they fought for change and got it. Much could be learned from these people’s struggle. They were being treated unfairly and stood up for themselves. This eventually led to change. We hear many stories of people being treated unfairly but less is said about fights for change. It would be a good idea to change the methods used to gain change, but the idea is there.


 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">PRECIS 2 - The Peasant's Revolt **

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: 0.5in;">The Peasant’s Revolt of 1381 was one of the most dramatic uprisings in England’s history. The peasants were tired of working for free and refused to pay taxes in which the king continuously increased. When tax collectors came to collect their fees, the townspeople revolted and kicked them out of the city. Neighboring cities caught wind of this movement and soon followed. After enough people gathered together, they marched to London to meet with the King and demand change. Although the townspeople started with good intentions, many of them indulged in violent acts including looting, killing, and arson. By the end of the revolt, anyone involved was already dead or soon executed and any demands the king agreed to were abolished. However, the revolt did have positive results as peasants went back to their old way of life and had more privileges than before.

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Castles <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Army of peasants from Kent and Essex marched to London <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Captured Tower of London
 * || <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Cause || <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Effect  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">The Beginning || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Violent system of punishments

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">King Richard – age 14 || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Usually kept peasants from revolting <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Garrisoned soldiers <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Captured the Tower of London

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Killed Archbishop of Canterbury and the King’s Treasurer <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Still agreed to meet peasants || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Lords gave peasants freedom and paid them to work on their land <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">After 35 years, the peasants feared that the lords would revoke these privileges || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Manors left short of workers <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Encouraged those peasants to stay on the manors <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">The peasants started to prepare to fight for their privileges || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Working for free made the church rich <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">They needed support in what they wanted || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">They weren’t able to work on their own land, difficult to grow food <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Made the peasants poor, made them want to be free of this burden <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">They gained the support of a priest named John Ball from Kent || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Wars cost a lot of money <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Richard II, new Poll Tax, 1380 <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Some couldn’t pay in cash || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">War cost a lot of money <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Peasants forced to pay taxes <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Peasants to pay 5p – a lot of money <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Had to pay in kind (seeds, tools, etc) || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">June 1381, Soldiers came for order <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Other local villages of Essex joined Fobbing <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Villagers marched to London <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Peasants marched from Kent to London <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Mid-June, peasants discipline faded || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">The villages refused to pay taxes and threw him out of the village <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">They were also thrown out <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">The peasants were able to throw out the soldiers <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Wat Tyler emerged as the leader <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Destroyed tax records, tax registers, and burned government buildings <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Got drunk, started looting in London and murdered foreigners || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Some did but others returned to the city <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">June 15th King met peasants outside of the city walls <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Again, the King promised the peasants what they asked for || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Gave peasants what they asked for and told them to go home in peace <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Murdered the Archbishop and Treasurer. King hid in fear <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Lord Mayor killed Wat Tyler. King made another promise <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">The peasants were satisfied and returned home ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Black Death || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">After the Black Death
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Working for the Church || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Peasants forced to work church land for free, up to 2 days a week
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">War with France || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Long wars with France
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Conflict Begins || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">May 1381, tax collector arrives at the Essex village of Fobbing
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Resolution || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">June 14th – King met peasants at Mile End
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Revolt Comes to an End || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Summer of 1381, revolt was over

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">King withdrew Poll Tax <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Black Death caused a shortage in labor <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">The peasants asked for more money || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">John Ball was hung, King didn’t keep promises - they were made under threats – not valid in law. Other leaders were hung. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Peasants were forced to old way of life <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.2in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.2in;">Peasants asked for more money since the lords needed them to work <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Lords had no other choice but to pay ||

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: 0.5in;">The Peasant’s Revolt of 1381 is a very inspiring event in English history. The peasants did what many people of today would have done. Although their methods in revolting became violent and ended tragically, they fought for change and got it. Much could be learned from these people’s struggle. They were being treated unfairly and stood up for themselves. This eventually led to change. We hear many stories of people being treated unfairly but less is said about fights for change. It would be a good idea to change the methods used to gain change, but the idea is there.

= **<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; line-height: 45px;">PRECIS 3 - John Ball and The Peasants' Revolt ** = <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 began after a string of poll taxes were placed on the townspeople of Essex. The peasants felt like this Poll tax was wrong as the poverty stricken peasants were taxed at the same rate as rich landowners. John Ball, a famous preacher was imprisoned. The peasants freed him, and with his popular preaching, he inspired the peasants to march to London and demand the poll tax be abolished. Ball’s sermons promoted equality among all people, no matter their social class. Although his sermons sparked a revolution, many of his followers began to lose focus on the overall mission, resulting in the death of all parties involved. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Peasants marched through the Kent countryside
 * || <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Cause || <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Effect  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">No Poll Tax || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">3rd poll tax in 5 years to fund failing war in France

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Peasants began their march to London <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Peasants marched to Canterbury || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Peasants of Essex rose up on May 29th, 2381

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Sacked manors, burned court rolls, broke open prisons, forced all they met to swear allegiance to ‘King & Commons’ <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Took Rochester Castle on June 6th, Canterbury on the 10th, and Maidstone on the 11th <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Barged into a cathedral, threatened to have Archbishop Sudbury || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">He began preaching in New York, then Colchester, then spent 20 years in Kent <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Archbishop Simon Sudbury, of Canterbury, released him once <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Armies of Kent and Essex rallied on Blackheath on June 13th || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">June 11th, John Ball “the Mad Priest of Kent” was broken out of ecclesiastical custody in Maidstone <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Spread unorthodox gospel, imprisoned twice
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">John Ball Joins the Revolt || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">John Ball was imprisoned for unsanctioned preaching

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Gave a statement regarding why he was imprisoned and gave accounts of John Ball <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Ball distinguished himself, ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Preaching of John Ball || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Gave sermons explaining his view of equal rights among all people

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Made recommendations as to what should be done to gain equality

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Following his word || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">All men created equal, servitude introduced by evil oppression of man; if God wanted serfs he would have appointed who is serf and who is lord in the beginning. <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">uproot tares that’s accustomed to destroy the grain; kill great lords, slay lawyers, justices and jurors, root out everyone who is harmful to the community <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Insurgents destroyed Marshalsea prison, Lambeth Palace, and homes of the Treasurer and the Mayor of London, broke open Fleet Prison, destroyed all property of the Knights of St John, sent the lawyers and professional perjurers fleeing from the Temple, made a bonfire of all the legal records and law books || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Turned their attention to the Palace of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, and military leaders
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">A Chroniclers’ Description of the Events || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Peasants pushed on into London

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Emphasis was on destruction rather than looting || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Lawyers scrambled off <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Broke open gates, entered the palace, went to the wardrobe, took torches, and lit them, and burned all the cloths, coverlets, beds, very valuable head-boards, and all other valuable goods. Found barrels of gunpowder, threw them into the fire, and set the hall in a blaze, causing great loss and damage to the Duke of Lancaster. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">The revolting peasants killed another for taking a silver cup from the Savoy || <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Unable to escape <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Wat Tyler demanded the abolition of serfdom, all feudal dues, a general amnesty, the abolition of monopolies, and a 4d per acre rent for all free tenants <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">The King secretly didn’t keep his promises || <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Peasants camped beneath the tower where the young king, advisors, and retinue had taken refuge <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Richard II agreed to hear demands at Mile End <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">The king said he agreed to all this and handed out dozens of charters saying as much
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">The Peasants Finally Meet the King || <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Their first day’s destruction in London done

<span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Charters later proved not worth the vellum they were written on ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Actions of Rebellious Peasants || <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Many peasants were conned into returning home with their worthless charters || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Other peasants stayed and exploited Authority’s palpable weakness to the max. Jack Strawmtorched the Priory of St John’s Manor in Highbury. The warden of Marshalsea was beheaded. Blocks were set at every major street corner and a few hundred people who would not affirm support for ‘King and Commons’ met the same fate ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Ending of the Revolt and Cunning Actions of the King || <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Second meeting between Tyler and Richard II at Smithfield Market

<span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Tyler gave a 2nd set of demands, even more radical than the first

<span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">King tried to disarm Tyler’s demands <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">King really couldn’t grant anything

<span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">The negotiation closed when Tyler tried to pick a fight with one of the king’s retinue <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">The King could have went down to John Ball and his mob

<span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">At first the king granted mercy || <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">The king was treated most disrespectfully. It’s claimed he intended to seize the monarch there to use him as a puppet and hostage throughout England <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">The abolition of outlawry & all law except that of Winchester, of all nobility except the king, of all bishoprics save one, and the distribution of all church estates amongst the laity <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Said he would grant all that was in his power to grant

<span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Sovereign couldn’t grant any of this without Parliamentary approval <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">He was struck repeatedly by the Mayor of London

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">He instead conned them to follow him through Aldersgate where Sir Robert Knolles rallied the propertied classes of London to surround and disperse the rebels. <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">He later revoked the charters he’d granted two days earlier and ordered the rebels hunted down. ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Conclusion of the Revolt || <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Noticing the peasants ability to conquer London

<span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">The king regained control of the capital, <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">John Ball escaped the debacle of Smithfield <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Thomas de la Mare was deemed a traitor for keeping the town to feudal exactions over a century behind the rest of England || <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Peasants rose in Suffolk, Norfolk and Cambridgeshire and trouble spread to Bridgewater, Somerset, Beverley & Scarborough in Yorkshire. <span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">These new revolts were quickly put down

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Was eventually c aptured hiding in Coventry in July 1381 and taken for trial in St Albans <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">He and John Ball were drawn and quartered on 17th July and later hung. || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-indent: 0.5in;">John Ball is proof that religion, with proper wording, can be used to motivate people to fight for a common cause. Although the end result of this revolt was tragic, we understand that preachers are capable of gathering a group of followers and starting a revolution. Popular preachers of today could use John Ball as an example to gather followers to fight for a common goal. When people have had enough, all they need is motivation to create change, and John Ball laid a good foundation for using religious sermons to motivate people to come together and fight.

=<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 90%; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**PRECIS 4 - Popular Preaching** = <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Popular preaching, in medieval times, was used for many reasons. Some preachers chose to spread the word of God, while others used popular preaching to gather and motivate followers. These preachers were experienced in their art and were able to inspire people to believe their word and follow them. These preachers gave sermons at churches, events, and even on the streets. They were trained in ways to better serve their followers. The training acted as a foundation to their sermons, but the preachers found their own style in which to gain followers. Some preachers chose to write their sermons down for later use or for the use of others. Many of these sermons have been preserved and can be used today. <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Most common people did not understand Latin <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Delivered by friars, Franciscans, and Dominicans || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Included a sermon delivered by the priest in Latin <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Popular sermon in vernacular was added to the mass in the 13th century <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Sermons delivered at funerals, church dedications, and at universities || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Statement and prayer delivered by preacher, followed by thema <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Thema was restated followed by a breakdown of the thema || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Began with a lesson based on the gospel of the day. Thema – selected theme <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Sometime skipped to deliver proof of thema by citing sources of authority instead <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Sermon closed by recitation of the sermon and blessing || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Sometimes the churches were too small <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Audience was usually unconstrained and could be rude and discourteous to the preacher
 * || <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Main Idea || <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: center;">Evidence  ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Popular Preaching in Medieval Times || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Catholic mass rituals
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Characteristics of Popular Preaching || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Sermons focus on an aspect of a selected theme
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Audience of Medieval Popular Preachers || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Sermons delivered in local churches

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">The preachers needed to keep the attention of the people <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">May tell an anecdote or use folklore or verse sermon

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">The preacher could keep the audience’s attention || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">People of high and low estate attended <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Sermons were moved to a public green

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">People in attendance moved freely about and socialized with one another. Could address the friar, or walk out on the friar in the middle of his sermon <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Sermon needed to be short, and contain elements the people could relate to or find interesting <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Preacher would embellish concerns of good and evil, use a large word or a foreign word to impress the audience <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">The result was a vibrant, creative and well-received sermon || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Treatises dictated actions to be abided by the preachers
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Training of Medieval Popular Preachers || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Required to be trained and licensed by the church before they were allowed to preach

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">The treatises set forth rules || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Studied treatises on sermon making

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Preacher should speak slowly, clearly, in a serious manner, remain focused, dress, speak, and behave in a conservative manner, neither stand still nor be flamboyant with his gestures <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">The preachers would eventually do as they please when giving their sermons ||
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Sermons of Medieval Popular Preachers || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Creating sermons

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Four different kinds of sermons <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Published sermons

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Re-preaching of written sermons

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Many of these sermons are available today || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Wrote their own sermons or based sermon on works of others <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Improvised, prepared, memorized, and read <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Either preached in the vernacular or written down in Latin, but not necessarily both <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">Were not verbatim to the written word. Some words were changed due to the different languages <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; margin-left: 0.1in; text-indent: -0.1in;">These popular sermons provide an authentic insight to the people and the times. ||

<span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif;">Popular preaching is a good way to gain followers and to motivate people to fight for a cause. Many people follow a certain religion and will honor that religion to the death. Popular preachers can use this loyalty to bring followers to help fight for certain causes. An example is John Ball, a popular preacher during the peasants’ revolt of 1381. He used sermons to inspire the people of his town to revolt against the king due to unfair taxes. His sermons explained how God created everyone equal and it wasn’t fair for the poor peasant workers to be taxed the same as the rich land-owners. This motivated the people to storm the King’s city and fight for change. Popular preaching can be used today to spark a revolution and get people to fight for change.

=<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**MARCUS BRUCE :)** = =<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"> = =Critique:= =<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 0px; overflow: hidden;">﻿ = = I believe that this is a very well put together wikipage and research paper. The paper was well written and organized. I also liked that it was informative yet easy to follow. The fact that you included links and appropriate/related pictures, took this page to another level. Again I think that this was a job well done . =